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Foreign labour in Russia

Two limits apply at once: the entry quota for visa countries and the permitted share of foreign nationals in your workforce. We explain both, calculate your limit by activity code and region, and then fill the requirement.

2independent limits
40–70%share in most industries
0%in alcohol and tobacco retail
24 hto calculate your limit

The market

How access to foreign labour is structured

Foreign labour reaches Russia through two channels with fundamentally different mechanics. Knowing which one you are in determines both the timeline and the budget.

ParameterVisa-free channelVisa channel
CountriesUzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, EAEU statesIndia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China
Quotanot requiredrequired, applied for a year ahead
Engagement permitnot requiredrequired
Worker’s documentpatent; not needed for EAEU citizenswork permit
Who obtains itthe workerthe employer
Time to arrival3–5 weeks5–8 weeks
Qualificationsconstruction, warehousing, utilities, logisticswelding, CNC, garment and food production
Contract lengthusually 1 year or lessusually 2 years

Quotas

What a quota is and why it is remembered too late

How it works

A quota is the ceiling on work permits issued to nationals of visa countries. It is distributed by region and by trade, and the employer applies in advance, for the following calendar year.

The practical consequence: if in August you discover you need Indian welders and your company has no quota, the answer is not sourcing but planning for the next cycle.

What to do without a quota

  • Switch to the visa-free channel: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan — 3–5 weeks, no quota needed
  • Take people through outstaffing, where the provider is the employer
  • Hand the scope of work to outsourcing
  • Prepare a quota application in parallel so the visa channel exists next year

The second limit

The permitted share, which is forgotten more often

A quota limits entry. The permitted share limits how many foreign nationals may sit in your headcount — regardless of where they came from or what documents they hold.

ActivityActivity codeShare for 2026Change
Constructionsection F50%was 80
Growing vegetables01.13.140%was 50
Forestry and logging0240%was 50
Wood processing1640%was 50
Wholesale of timber46.73.140%was 50
Wholesale of sawn wood46.73.240%was 50
Retail sale of alcohol47.25.10%prohibited
Retail sale of tobacco47.260%prohibited
Retail sale of medicines47.730%prohibited
Retail trade in non-stationary outlets and markets47.80%prohibited
Other retail trade outside shops47.990%prohibited
Land passenger transport49.324%unchanged
Road freight transport49.4124%unchanged
Food and beverage service5650%new
Real estate management68.3270%unchanged
Buildings and grounds services8170%unchanged
Other sports activities93.1925%unchanged

Calculate your limit

FAQ

What employers ask most

What is a quota for engaging foreign labour?

The maximum number of work permits for nationals of visa countries, distributed by region and trade. The employer applies in advance for the following calendar year. No quota is required for nationals of visa-free countries.

How is a quota different from the permitted share?

A quota limits the issuing of work permits for visa countries. The permitted share limits the percentage of foreign nationals in your average headcount and applies regardless of country or documents. Both must be observed simultaneously.

How quickly can foreign labour be engaged?

3–5 weeks through the visa-free channel and 5–8 weeks through the visa channel where a quota exists. The fastest option — 7–10 days — is only possible for candidates already in Russia with valid documents.

We are in Moscow. Does the construction restriction apply to us?

Decree No. 1995 lists, in a separate clause, territories where the construction share does not apply, and Moscow is on that list together with St Petersburg, Moscow Oblast and Leningrad Oblast. The wording is tied to specific sub-clauses, so we run the calculation for your exact activity code and region and send it with a reference to the clause.

Engaging foreign labour: what an employer needs to know

The phrase "foreign labour" comes from Russian regulatory documents, and they carry the logic of the regulation: the state manages the flow rather than the people — through entry quotas and through a share in the workforce. An employer has to satisfy both limits at once, and they are unrelated to each other.

Limit one: the entry quota

Applies only to visa countries. It defines how many work permits may be issued in your region for your trades. Applications are filed in advance for the following year, which makes visa hiring an exercise in planning a cycle ahead rather than a response to an urgent need.

Limit two: the permitted share in your workforce

Applies to all foreign workers regardless of nationality. For 2026 the shares are set by Government Decree No. 1995 of 5 December 2025 and were cut almost across the board: construction 50% instead of 80%, forestry, wood processing and vegetable growing 40%, retail sale of alcohol, tobacco and medicines 0%, road freight transport 24%. The decree separately lists territories where the general share for a given activity does not apply — for construction that list includes Moscow, St Petersburg, Moscow Oblast and Leningrad Oblast.

This is why the calculation is only valid for a specific pair of activity code and region, not for an industry in general. We run that calculation free of charge before any work starts — it takes one business day and removes most of the risk.

Why foreign labour is on the agenda at all

Not because of cost. In volume blue-collar trades any saving on the wage rate has long been eaten by documents, travel and accommodation. The real reason is availability: applications per line vacancy have collapsed, and a search for a qualified welder or CNC operator on the domestic market stretches into months. Foreign labour solves a staffing problem, not a cost problem, and it should be planned on that basis.

See also

Let us fill your vacancies with foreign workers

Send us your positions and timeline — we will come back with pricing, start dates and the legal setup. First shortlist within 48–72 hours.